Glossary Papakupu
Explanations of abbreviations and acronyms.
- RA
- Resolution Advisory
- Radio altimeter
- An electronic device capable of measuring the height of an aircraft above the terrain immediately below it. The radio (or radar) altimeter is independent from the barometric altimeter system. The radio altimeter does not use air pressure. It measures the height above the surface below using a radio signal reflected from that surface. The manually set reference height with the height setting bug, activates an alert when the aircraft descends below that setting.
- Radio emergency response alerts
- Automatic radio emergency response alerts are sent to train control when brakes are placed in the emergency position or the braking system loses air.
- Raft-up
- Raft-up means to secure one vessel to another, with the vessels arranged side by side so that a person can walk between them.
- Rafted up
- The term used to describe multiple vessels tied together
- Rail access provider
- Person who controls the use of a railway line by rail operators (including that person if it is also a rail operator)
- Rail bridge
- Rail bridges are numbered throughout the rail network; they also outline the track meterage on small white sign plaques located at each end of the bridge supports.
- Rail corridor
- The land between the legal boundaries of railway land or land within 3 metres (m) of the centreline of any operational track where the land boundary is less than this distance.
- Rail formation
- The structured base on which a track is built, usually consisting of impacted earth and ballast. The formation is designed to support the track and prevent it moving.
- Rail head
- The bulbous upper part of a rail section.
- Rail Incident Co-ordinator (RIC)
- Deployed to control and monitor accidents or incidents to ensure the recovery is completed safely and details of the occurrence are recorded for reporting and investigation purposes.
- Rail linkspan
- A rail or road bridge connecting a ship to the shore, used for loading and discharging rail and road vehicles.
- Rail movement
- The operation on rail of rail traffic
- Rail operator
- Provides or operates a rail vehicle, whether or not it engages rail personnel to do so, or to assist in doing so, on its behalf. It does not include those rail personnel.
- Rail participant
- Section 4 of the Railways Act 2005 defines a rail participant to mean any of the following: (a) an infrastructure owner (b) a rail vehicle owner (c) a railway premises owner (d) a rail access provider (e) a rail operator (f) a network controller (g) a maintenance provider (h) a railway premises manager (i) any other class of person prescribed as a rail participant by regulations.
- Rail personnel
- In relation to a rail participant, means an individual engaged by the rail participant or by an agent or contractor of the rail participant, whether as an employee, agent, contractor, or volunteer, for the purposes of carrying out, or assisting in carrying out, rail activities of the rail participant.
- Rail Protection Officer (RPO)
- A person with overall responsibility for providing rail protection for a PWA. They advise all site protectors and operators/drivers of the details of the protection arrangements before commencing work or entering the PWA, authorise movements to enter or proceed through the PWA, co-ordinate the movement of rail vehicles in the PWA, and communicate with train control and supervise site protectors when more than one worksite is operating. The RPO’s name and contact details are shown on the Daily Information Bulletin, which details the locations and operating times of worksites around the rail network.
- Rail protection officers (RPOs)
- An RPO is a person qualified to establish track protection for a protected work area.
- Rail wagons
- Railway vehicles used for transporting goods and equipment.
- Railhead
- The uppermost part of a track that provides a surface for train wheels to roll over.
- Rake
- A group of vehicles, usually not formed as a train, moved as a unit during shunting and marshalling.
- Rakes of wagons
- Railway terminology for a series of wagons to be coupled together in preparation for moving.
- Ramp
- Area of an airport where aircraft are parked loaded fueled or boarded
- Rate of turn
- A turn accomplished at 3° per second (180° per minute), and the maximum recommended rate of turn when flying with sole reference to instruments. Also known as a standard turn
- Ratings (gliding)
- Glider pilot ratings, such as an instructor or passenger rating, issued by GNZ under a delegated authority from the CAA
- RCA
- Road controlling authority
- RCC
- Rescue Coordination Centre
- RCCNZ
- Rescue Coordination Centre New Zealand
- RCO
- Remote control operator
- Re-shimmed
- Clearances were corrected using very thin spacers or wedges.
- Read across error
- An error in which a signal on an adjacent parallel track is mistaken for a signal for authority to proceed.
- Reamer bolts
- A type of fastener designed for use in high-torque systems. A reamer bolt has a smooth, cylindrical shank that fits tightly into a corresponding hole, ensuring minimal movement and high precision.
- Recency bias
- Recency bias is the tendency to weigh recent events more heavily than earlier events.
- Rectifier
- An electrical device that converts alternating current into direct current by allowing a current to flow through it in one direction only.
- Recycle landing gear
- Select the landing gear up and then down.
- Reduced overlap
- An overlap that is shorter than the minimum permitted length of a full overlap.
- Refuge cassette
- The structure attached to the platform of a wagon.
- Refuge wagon
- Rail wagon that provides a protected area from which a rail operator can direct the locomotive engineer.
- Regulator
- A machine used to shape and distribute the ballast after it has been tamped.
- Remote aerodrome
- Any structure or any area of land or water used for take-off or landing
- Remote-control pack
- A system that sent operating commands using a radio link between the RCO and the locomotive
- Reporting point
- Sometimes termed waypoints. Reporting points can be compulsory or non-compulsory
- Resolution advisory
- an indication given to flight crew recommending a manoeuvre intended to provide separation from all threats; or a manoeuvre restriction intended to maintain existing separation
- Resonant frequency
- The natural vibrating frequency of an object.
- Response plan
- A guided document outlining the process and established procedures for people to follow in situations such as incidents or accidents.
- Restricted inshore limits
- Inshore limit encompasses ‘water closely adjacent to sheltered waters’
- Retro-reflective
- Reflects light back to its source instead of reflecting away in another direction.
- Reverse bucket
- A deflector that can be lowered into the jet stream to reverse the direction of thrust.
- Review of airworthiness
- An inspection of the aircraft and associated maintenance documentation to ensure that the aircraft is in an airworthy condition
- RHIB
- Rigid hull inflatable boat
- Rib wall
- A fabric rib wall between two cells within a ram-air parachute canopy. Loaded walls are connected to a suspension line, while unloaded rib walls are not.
- Rigging
- Setting up a device or equipment
- Right-hand line twist
- The described line-twist direction is relative to the parachutists, so a left-turning canopy is the same as the parachutists spinning to their right, creating a right-hand twist.
- Ring-fenced certificates
- A regulatory framework that permits mariners with legacy certifications to retain their credentials, thereby avoiding the expense of transitioning to a new qualification, these certificates are not STCW aligned.
- Rip line
- This collapses the vent, allowing hot air to escape and causing a rapid deflation of the envelope. The term rip line is used in this report as it is the common ballooning term for the control that rapidly deflates the balloon on landing. The rip line was solid red in colour to differentiate it from other control lines.
- Risk control plan
- Documentation relating to Fulton Hogan’s internal processes of documenting and managing risks on a worksite, incidental to the Rail Protection Officer’s duties
- Risk-triggered commentary train driving
- Risk-triggered commentary train driving provides a methodology for drivers to improve their retention in working memory of safety-critical information and to check their intended actions against retained knowledge and long-term memory.
- RNAV
- Area navigation allowing aircraft to fly any desired path within coverage
- RNIP
- Rail Network Investment Programme
- RNP
- Required Navigation Performance specifying accuracy and integrity requirements
- RNR Project
- Rail Network Rebuild project
- RNZN
- Royal New Zealand Navy
- RO
- Rotorua Airport
- Ro-Ro
- Roll-on roll-off ships designed to carry wheeled cargo
- Road controlling authority
- The authority, body or other person that has control of a road; and includes a person acting under, and within the terms of, any delegation or authorisation given by that authority, body or other person
- Roads
- Roadstead or anchoring ground; a sheltered body of water near the shore where a vessel can lie reasonably safely at anchor.
- ROC
- Rail Operating Code
- Rocking speed
- The speed at the boundary of stable and unstable bogie running.
- Rocking test
- A rocking test checks the condition of the slew bearing of the crane, ensuring that it is not becoming worn because of insufficient greasing.
- Roll-by inspection
- A visual and aural inspection of a moving train to detect faults such as insecure loads and damaged wheels.
- Roll-by train inspection
- An inspection intended to detect rail vehicle irregularities that are not so apparent when the vehicle is stationary. Potential irregularities include wheels derailed during the loading process, loose backing rings or hot bearings, skids or flat spots on wheels, and dragging equipment.
- Rolling
- Taking off
- ROO
- Regional Operations Officer (three in total – Northern, Central and Southern)
- Rotor overspeed
- Is when the rotor speed exceeds the stipulated maximum operational limit.
- Rotowink
- A pneumatic device that provides visual indication of the presence or absence of pressure above a set threshold
- Rounds of the deck
- Routine check of current operations.
- RPAS
- remotely piloted aircraft system
- RPM
- Revolutions per minute
- RPO
- Rail Protection Officer
- RT
- Rotorua Airport
- RTCA
- Radio Technical Commission for Aeronautics
- Rudder
- The rudder is located on the vertical fin (tail) and cause an aeroplane to yaw left or right about its vertical axis.
- Rudder control yaw damper
- A device used to reduce (dampen) yawing and rolling motions in flight.
- Rudder palm
- A horizontal coupling plate that connects the rudder blade to the rudder stock.
- Rudder pintle
- A metal pin attached to the rudder used as a pivot point, allowing the rudder to turn.
- Rudder stock
- A solid shaft that connects the rudder blade to the ship’s internal steering mechanism.
- Run-on landing
- A landing with significant forward motion, as opposed to a landing from a hover. After touchdown, forward motion is maintained until ground friction brings the helicopter to a halt. It is generally used when there is insufficient power to sustain a hover.
- Run-through
- A run-through is an unintended movement of a rail vehicle through a set of points in the trailing direction when the points are set against the movement being carried out.
- Rūnanga
- Te Rūnanga o Kaikōura is the tribal council for the hapu of Ngāti Kuri
- Runner wagon
- A specialised wagon, classified as EUF class, that is attached to a shunt locomotive to aid the loading and discharge process.
- Running capability
- Where passenger-initiated emergency brake applications can be overridden by the train driver. Used to avoid bringing trains to a stop in areas where it is unsafe to do so.
- Runway
- Defined rectangular area for aircraft takeoff and landing