Glossary Papakupu

Explanations of abbreviations and acronyms.
All ' 1 A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W Y Z

    B

    BA
    Breathing apparatus
    Backing
    Moving in an anti-clockwise direction.
    Backing wind
    A backing wind is a shift of wind direction in an anti-clockwise manner, for example from north to west.
    Backtracking
    Backtracking refers to the procedure where an aircraft taxies along an active runway in the direction opposite to that being used for takeoff or landing.
    Bail off
    Disembark as quickly as possible.
    Balanced rudder
    20–40% of the rudder blade is forward of the rudder stock
    Balise
    A balise is an electronic beacon or transponder placed between the rails of a railway as part of train control or a protection system.
    Ballast
    Crushed stone supporting and stabilizing railway sleepers
    Ballast ploughing
    Application of ballast to a track
    Ballast Water
    Water carried in ship tanks to improve stability
    Balloon
    A balloon includes an envelope, control lines, burners, a basket and other equipment fitted or required to be carried
    Banker locomotives
    Banker locomotives are additional locomotives used when required to assist trains up steep gradients.
    Banner signals
    Banner signals – sometimes referred to as banner repeaters or indicators – are provided on the approaches to certain signals, usually those that have restricted sighting due to the curvature of a line, building or tunnel on the approach, to give advance information of the signal aspects.
    Bar
    Unit of pressure – 1 bar is equal to 100 kilopascals (SI metric unit)
    Barely readable
    “Barely readable” is an assessment on the legibility of a transmission
    BARS
    Basic Aviation Risk Standards (Flight Safety Foundation)
    Base call
    A radio call where the caller’s unique identifier is displayed on the train controller’s radio screen. Activated by a pushbutton on the caller’s radio unit
    Base leg
    A flight path at right angles to the landing runway off its approach end. The base leg extends from the downwind leg to the intersection of the extended runway centreline
    Basic weight
    Weight of the airframe and engines, fixed equipment and full oil tanks but not including fuel, passengers or baggage and cargo
    Beam-on
    Refers to waves coming at a right angle to the ship.
    Beech
    The aircraft was manufactured by Beech Aircraft Corporation and is nominated as Beech in ICAO documentation. However, sometimes Beech aircraft are referred to as Beechcraft, a subsequent branding from the same manufacturer.
    Beneficial ship owner
    A beneficial ship owner is the ultimate owning entity of a ship or representative thereof (either individual, company, group or organisation) and is the entity that benefits from the rent and/or the sale of the ship.
    Berth
    Designated location in a port where a vessel docks
    Berthing Plan
    Schedule and allocation of berths for arriving vessels
    BFR
    Biennial Flight Review
    BFU
    The BFU is the state organisation responsible for the investigation of accidents and serious incidents within Germany. Germany was the state of manufacture for the aeroplane and engines.
    Bilge
    The compartment at the bottom of the hull of a ship where water collects so that it may be pumped out of the ship at a later time.
    Bill of Lading
    Negotiable sea transport document acknowledging receipt and contract of carriage
    Bird strike
    Bird strikes involving collisions with multiple birds are much more likely to cause serious risk or harm to the aircraft.
    Blackout
    A sudden total loss of electrical power on the ship.
    Bladder fuel tank
    A fuel tank with a flexible bladder in an aluminium enclosure that has the ability to change shape without splitting open and spilling its flammable content
    Blade flapping
    (In the case of the Robinson main rotor system) the vertical movement of a blade about the coning and teeter bolts perpendicular to the blade span.
    Block
    Section of railway track with movement authority for a single train at a time
    Blocking
    The process of keeping signals and/or points tagged or collared to prevent a train entering a section of track that the blocking is protecting
    Blood alcohol limit
    Based on the legal limit for drivers 20 years and over, which is 50 milligrams of alcohol per 100 millilitres of blood.
    Blue fit test
    During a blue fit test, the tapered surface of the pintle is coated in a blue fluid. The pintle is then hydraulically inserted into the taper of the lower casting, then removed. The amount of fluid transferred to the surface of the taper in the lower casting shows the percentage of surface contact between the two items.
    Bluing
    Bluing is a discolouration of metal that usually indicates exposure to excessive heat.
    Boatswain
    The foreman of a deck crew
    Bogie
    A metal frame equipped with two wheelsets and able to rotate freely in plan, used in pairs under a wagon body to improve ride quality and better distribute forces to the trac
    BOL
    Block of Line
    Bonding wires
    Used to create an electrical connection between two or more conductive parts. They are commonly used in grounding, electrical enclosures and electronic components.
    Boot-topping
    Band of hard-wearing paint between the above-water hull and the antifouling paint below the average waterline.
    Bosun
    Abbreviated version of boatswain: foreman or supervisor of the deck crew.
    Bosun store
    Workshop/storeroom central to deck operations and maintenance.
    Boundary cool
    A firefighting method where the areas surrounding a burning compartment are cooled with water to remove heat and slow the spread of fire.
    Boundary cooling
    The use of water to cool the outside of a burning structure and restrict the spread of a fire.
    Bow
    The front of a vessel
    Bow thruster
    A lateral propulsion device installed near the front of the vessel used for manoeuvring at slow speed.
    Brake application
    A full brake application in the normal operating mode, without using the emergency position.
    Brake handle
    The brake system for locomotives only, not the whole train; the LE can apply or remove the brakes to their locomotive or other paired locomotives that are configured together.
    Brake pipe
    A continuous air volume throughout a train, comprising of pipe and hose sections and connected to brake control valves in each of the train’s vehicles. It functions to both supply the necessary energy for braking and to convey braking control commands from the driving cab to all vehicles throughout the train. Brake pipe control works on a principle where a reduction in brake pipe pressure commands an application of braking effort.
    Brakes
    The front locomotive’s pairing configuration allowed locomotive three to have its brakes operate along with the train’s carriages as it was not required to be paired like the others attached to the front of the train.
    Branch lines
    A railway line that runs off a main line and generally carries fewer trains.
    Breakbulk
    Cargo shipped as individual pieces rather than in containers
    Breakbulk cargo
    Breakbulk refers to cargo that is transported in individual units as opposed to standard shipping containers.
    Breakwater
    Structure protecting a harbour from waves
    Bridge
    The place on a ship from which the vessel is normally controlled
    Bridge Resource Management
    Teamwork and communication practices on a ship's bridge
    Brinel
    Bearing brinelling is permanent damage to the bearing raceways, caused by contact forces that exceed the material limit.
    Brittle fracture
    The sudden or rapid fracture of a component under stress without undergoing any noticeable permanent deformation.
    Brittle overload
    The sudden fracture of a material when stresses exceed its load-bearing capacity.
    BRM
    Bridge resource management
    Broach
    When a vessel is forced side-on to the waves.
    Broadcast storm
    A broadcast storm occurs when a network system is overwhelmed by continuous multicast or broadcast traffic.
    Broken cloud
    Five- to seven-eighths’ cloud cover
    Bucket control head
    An assembly containing an arrangement of electrical and pneumatic controls associated with the functioning of the bucket.
    Buff compression force
    The inward force applied to the carriage-coupler connection
    Buff loading
    Where couplers experience a compressive force as rail vehicles are pushed together.
    Bulk Cargo
    Cargo in large quantities unpackaged such as grain ore or coal
    Bulk carrier
    A ship designed to carry loose cargo such as grains, coal and logs.
    Bulkhead
    Nautical term for a wall
    Bulkheads
    Vertical partitions in a vessel that divide the interior into compartments.
    Bulldog grips
    A bulldog grip is a device used to clamp two pieces or sections of wire together.
    Bulwarks
    Solid handrails.
    Bunkering
    Filling the fuel tanks of a ship
    Bushing
    A cylindrical sleeve that facilitates rotational movement between two parts.
    BVLoS
    Beyond visual line of sight
    Bypass the alarms
    A method of connecting electrical circuits directly to the power source by diverting around (bypassing) potentially faulty equipment. This allows the rest of the circuit to continue operating normally. It is used by signals technicians in emergency situations or for fault-finding.