Glossary Papakupu

Explanations of abbreviations and acronyms.

Glossary Papakupu

Explanations of abbreviations and acronyms.

All ' 1 A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W Y Z

E

E-Protect: E-Protect is a system on locomotives that uses Global Positioning System (GPS) technology to monitor the speed of trains approaching compulsory-stop boards (CSB) and applies a penalty brake if a train does not stop at the CSB location. The system is designed only to enforce a stopping sequence. Once the train has stopped, the E-Protect system becomes inactive, allowing the train to be moved through the PWA. The placement of the compulsory-stop protection boards is a necessary reminder for locomotive engineers to prepare their trains for stopping at designated places to avoid emergency brake applications.

EASA: European Union Aviation Safety Administration

East Coast Main Trunk: The railway network that runs from Hamilton to Tauranga and Kawerau and is connected to various other mainline rail networks, stations and rail sidings to operate trains and rail vehicles for the movements of commuter passengers and freight.

Ebb (tide): An outgoing tide

Ebbing: Receding or outgoing tide, occurring between high- and low-tide times

ECDIS: Electronic chart display and information system

ECMT: East Coast Main Trunk

EDTO: Extended Diversion Time Operation

EECU: Electronic Engine Control Unit

EEZ: Exclusive Economic Zone

Effectively stopped: The speed over ground had reduced to 0.6 kt or less

EHS: Environment, Health and Safety

Elastic deformation: Elastic deformation is a temporary deformation of a material’s shape that is self-reversing after removing the force or load.

Elastomeric: Having a rubber-like quality

Electrical Multiple Unit (EMU): An electric multiple unit train operates on an overhead power source that directs power to the train’s traction motors inside the carriages.

Electromagnetic coil: One or more circular turns or ‘windings’ in a current-carrying wire designed to produce a magnetic field.

Electronic block protection: A protection activated on the signalling system operated by train control when required to ensure that signals and points are not cleared into a protected work area, or to prevent conflicting rail movements.

Electronic blocking: Electronic blocking is a method of protection whereby the train controller uses the train control system to prevent signals held at red (stop) being placed at green or yellow (proceed). Having to stop for red signals prevents rail traffic from entering a section of track that has been blocked.

Electronic Train Protection (ETP): A train stop protection system designed to reduce the consequences of Signal Passed at Danger occurrences. ETP is an on-board system that is able to read a ‘signal red’ message from an ETCS balise (an electronic beacon or transponder placed between the rails of a railway as part of train control or a protection system). Trackside ETCS was installed throughout the Auckland Metro network as part of the electrification triggered re-signalling.

Elevation: The primary unit of measurement of altitude and elevation or height is the metre. However, the most widely used unit of measurement in aviation is the foot. Metric altitudes and flight levels are used in some countries, such as China and Russia. AIPNZ GEN 2.1 states that the unit for measurement for altitudes, elevations and heights is feet.

Embarkation: Boarding or going on a ship

Emergency Locator Transmitter: An emergency locator transmitter transmits a distress signal to the Cospas-Sarsat search and rescue satellite system.

Emergency Locator Transmitter (ELT): An ELT transmits a distress signal to the Cospas-Sarsat search and rescue satellite system.

Emergency muster stations: Designated emergency areas for all crew during emergencies. The master and crew confirm the whereabouts of all personnel and initiate a plan to address the emergency using specialist equipment.

Empennage: The tail assembly, including the vertical fin, horizontal stabiliser and tail rotor.

Empennage assembly: A horizontal and vertical stabiliser that is located near the aft end of the tailcone. It is designed to provide stability during flight.

Enclosed waters: Enclosed waters are inland waters or waters within sheltered waters

End of daylight: Civil Aviation Rules (CARs) 1: Definitions defines night beginning at the end of evening civil twilight, which is calculated from tables in AIPNZ GEN 2.7, s1.4 Daylight tables.

Energy attenuating seats: Energy attenuating seats on Airbus Helicopters rotorcraft are designed to stroke and/or plastically deform upon severe impact, absorbing all or a portion of the energy transmitted to the seat during an impact.

Engine room tank-top: The floor of the engine room, under which various tanks and voids are located.

Engine Room Watch Rating (ERWR): A crew member in a manned engine room or periodically unmanned engine room on a ship of any propulsion power in any operating area

Engine sump: The internal space at the bottom of an engine where lubricating oil either accumulates, or (as in this case) drains into the lube-oil tank beneath.

Engine teardown: The disassembly of an engine for detailed examination or repair

Engineering risk controls: Engineering risk controls work by isolating hazards, generally by way of the physical design of a system.

Envelope: The part of the balloon that holds the hot air and provides lift.

EP: Electro-Pneumatic

EPIRB: Emergency Position-Indicating Radio Beacon

EPOD: Electrical power outlet distribution

Equivalent fatality: A unit ALCAM uses for injury equivalence, defined as 1 fatality, 10 major injuries or 200 minor injuries

ERM: Engine room resource management

EROAD: A proprietary, GPS-based tracking and monitoring system commonly used to track and monitor land-based vehicles.

Error recognition: There are a number of equipment design principles to protect against human error, one of these being that the response of the system to an operator’s input should be clearly and immediately visible to the operator. In this case, while control inputs are made using the remote-control pack, the pack itself gives no feedback of the system response ie, what movements the locomotive is making as a result of the control inputs.

Escort tug: A tug that follows a ship to assist in manoeuvrability if required.

Essential traffic (air): Essential traffic is defined in the Civil Aviation Rule 172.3 as “Any controlled traffic that is not separated by the prescribed minima in relation to other controlled flights where separation is required.”

ETA: Estimated Time of Arrival

ETAShip: Estimated Time of Arrival for a ship

ETCS: European Train Control System standard for train signaling and control

ETD: Estimated Time of Departure

ETP: The point of equal flight time between two diversion airports. The point moves dependent on the wind – in a headwind the point is closer to the destination; in a tailwind it is closer to the point of departure.

Evacuation egress points: Points located at the ends of EMU train cabs, allowing access from the train to the ground via a ramp and handrail system

Evening civil twilight: When the centre of the setting sun’s disc is 6° below the horizon

Event: With respect to safety investigations, an event is something that happened. If considered to have relevance to safety, it will be reported through a safety management system as a notification.

EWR: Engine Room Watch Rating

Exclusive Economic Zones (EEZs): An area of coastal water and seabed within a defined distance of a country’s coastline, to which the country claims exclusive rights for fishing, drilling and other economic activities.

Excursion: When an aircraft departs a runway in use when landing or taking off, as either a veer-off or an overrun

Expectation bias: A term used to describe the influence that previous experience can have on an individual’s perceptions and decision-making. Expectation bias is the predisposition for individuals to perceive information according to what they are expecting to see/hear, as opposed to what is actually seen/heard. This expectancy can make it less likely that any mismatch in the information received is detected.

Export certificate of airworthiness: A certificate issued by an exporting country that the aircraft conforms to its type certificate

Exposition: An exposition is a suite of manuals containing information about an operator’s general policies, duties, operational control policy and procedures, and the responsibilities of personnel. It is the main way of showing that the management and control systems required under the CARs are in place.

Extended diversion time operations: Flights by a twin-engine turbine powered aeroplane where the flight time (calculated at the cruise speed in still air with one engine inoperative) from any point on the route to a suitable alternative aerodrome is greater than 60 minutes.