Witnesses to the recent Black Cat cruise boat accident after it grounded just outside the Akaroa Heads are urged to submit a statement to TAIC immediately.
E-Protect is a system on locomotives that uses Global Positioning System (GPS) technology to monitor the speed of trains approaching compulsory-stop boards (CSB) and applies a penalty brake if a train does not stop at the CSB location. The system is designed only to enforce a stopping sequence. Once the train has stopped, the E-Protect system becomes inactive, allowing the train to be moved through the PWA. The placement of the compulsory-stop protection boards is a necessary reminder for locomotive engineers to prepare their trains for stopping at designated places to avoid emergency brake applications.
E-ruc system
A management tool that records the times and locations of vehicle events, such as when a vehicle’s ignition is turned on and off, the vehicle enters and/or exits a geo-fenced site, the vehicle turns or the vehicle is stopped, and the vehicle’s speed and global positioning system (GPS) location, at predetermined time intervals. The system determines that the vehicle has stopped when its speed falls to less than four kilometres per hour
EASA
European Union Aviation Safety Administration
East Coast Main Trunk
The railway network that runs from Hamilton to Tauranga and Kawerau and is connected to various other mainline rail networks, stations and rail sidings to operate trains and rail vehicles for the movements of commuter passengers and freight.
Ebb (tide)
An outgoing tide
Ebbing
Receding or outgoing tide, occurring between high- and low-tide times
ECDIS
Electronic chart display and information system
ECMT
East Coast Main Trunk
EDTO
Extended Diversion Time Operation
EECU
Electronic Engine Control Unit
EEZ
Exclusive Economic Zone
Effectively stopped
The speed over ground had reduced to 0.6 kt or less
EHS
Environment, Health and Safety
Elastic deformation
Elastic deformation is a temporary deformation of a material’s shape that is self-reversing after removing the force or load.
Elastomeric
Having a rubber-like quality
Electrical Multiple Unit (EMU)
An electric multiple unit train operates on an overhead power source that directs power to the train’s traction motors inside the carriages.
Electromagnetic coil
One or more circular turns or ‘windings’ in a current-carrying wire designed to produce a magnetic field.
Electronic block protection
A protection activated on the signalling system operated by train control when required to ensure that signals and points are not cleared into a protected work area, or to prevent conflicting rail movements.
Electronic blocking
Electronic blocking is a method of protection whereby the train controller uses the train control system to prevent signals held at red (stop) being placed at green or yellow (proceed). Having to stop for red signals prevents rail traffic from entering a section of track that has been blocked.
Electronic navigational chart (ENC)
A digital chart viewable in ECDISs
Electronic Train Protection (ETP)
A train stop protection system designed to reduce the consequences of Signal Passed at Danger occurrences. ETP is an on-board system that is able to read a ‘signal red’ message from an ETCS balise (an electronic beacon or transponder placed between the rails of a railway as part of train control or a protection system). Trackside ETCS was installed throughout the Auckland Metro network as part of the electrification triggered re-signalling.
Elevation
The primary unit of measurement of altitude and elevation or height is the metre. However, the most widely used unit of measurement in aviation is the foot. Metric altitudes and flight levels are used in some countries, such as China and Russia. AIPNZ GEN 2.1 states that the unit for measurement for altitudes, elevations and heights is feet.
Embarkation
Boarding or going on a ship
Emergency door release
A device located on the outside of a train’s passenger car, primarily for the use of emergency services to enable the doors to be operated manually in the event that they cannot be opened by normal means. Also referred to as an emergency egress device.
Emergency Locator Transmitter
An emergency locator transmitter transmits a distress signal to the Cospas-Sarsat search and rescue satellite system.
Emergency Locator Transmitter (ELT)
An ELT transmits a distress signal to the Cospas-Sarsat search and rescue satellite system.
Emergency muster stations
Designated emergency areas for all crew during emergencies. The master and crew confirm the whereabouts of all personnel and initiate a plan to address the emergency using specialist equipment.
Empennage
The tail assembly, including the vertical fin, horizontal stabiliser and tail rotor.
Empennage assembly
A horizontal and vertical stabiliser that is located near the aft end of the tailcone. It is designed to provide stability during flight.
Enclosed waters
Enclosed waters are inland waters or waters within sheltered waters
End of daylight
Civil Aviation Rules (CARs) 1: Definitions defines night beginning at the end of evening civil twilight, which is calculated from tables in AIPNZ GEN 2.7, s1.4 Daylight tables.
Energy attenuating seats
Energy attenuating seats on Airbus Helicopters rotorcraft are designed to stroke and/or plastically deform upon severe impact, absorbing all or a portion of the energy transmitted to the seat during an impact.
Engine room tank-top
The floor of the engine room, under which various tanks and voids are located.
Engine Room Watch Rating (ERWR)
A crew member in a manned engine room or periodically unmanned engine room on a ship of any propulsion power in any operating area
Engine sump
The internal space at the bottom of an engine where lubricating oil either accumulates, or (as in this case) drains into the lube-oil tank beneath.
Engine teardown
The disassembly of an engine for detailed examination or repair
Engineering risk controls
Engineering risk controls work by isolating hazards, generally by way of the physical design of a system.
Envelope
The part of the balloon that holds the hot air and provides lift.
EP
Electro-Pneumatic
EPIRB
Emergency Position-Indicating Radio Beacon
EPOD
Electrical power outlet distribution
eProtect
A system that detects whether a locomotive has failed to stop before reaching a compulsory stop board. If this occurs it automatically activates the emergency brakes on the locomotive, bringing the train to a forced stop, thereby providing an independent backup to the driver
Equivalent fatality
A unit ALCAM uses for injury equivalence, defined as 1 fatality, 10 major injuries or 200 minor injuries
ERM
Engine room resource management
EROAD
A proprietary, GPS-based tracking and monitoring system commonly used to track and monitor land-based vehicles.
Error recognition
There are a number of equipment design principles to protect against human error, one of these being that the response of the system to an operator’s input should be clearly and immediately visible to the operator. In this case, while control inputs are made using the remote-control pack, the pack itself gives no feedback of the system response ie, what movements the locomotive is making as a result of the control inputs.
Escort tug
A tug that follows a ship to assist in manoeuvrability if required.
Essential traffic (air)
Essential traffic is defined in the Civil Aviation Rule 172.3 as “Any controlled traffic that is not separated by the prescribed minima in relation to other controlled flights where separation is required.”
ETA
Estimated Time of Arrival
ETAShip
Estimated Time of Arrival for a ship
ETCS
European Train Control System standard for train signaling and control
ETD
Estimated Time of Departure
ETP
The point of equal flight time between two diversion airports. The point moves dependent on the wind – in a headwind the point is closer to the destination; in a tailwind it is closer to the point of departure.
Evacuation egress points
Points located at the ends of EMU train cabs, allowing access from the train to the ground via a ramp and handrail system
Evening civil twilight
When the centre of the setting sun’s disc is 6° below the horizon
Event
With respect to safety investigations, an event is something that happened. If considered to have relevance to safety, it will be reported through a safety management system as a notification.
EWR
Engine Room Watch Rating
Exclusive Economic Zones (EEZs)
An area of coastal water and seabed within a defined distance of a country’s coastline, to which the country claims exclusive rights for fishing, drilling and other economic activities.
Excursion
When an aircraft departs a runway in use when landing or taking off, as either a veer-off or an overrun
Expectation bias
A term used to describe the influence that previous experience can have on an individual’s perceptions and decision-making.
Expectation bias is the predisposition for individuals to perceive information according to what they are expecting to see/hear, as opposed to what is actually seen/heard. This expectancy can make it less likely that any mismatch in the information received is detected.
Export certificate of airworthiness
A certificate issued by an exporting country that the aircraft conforms to its type certificate
Exposition
An exposition is a suite of manuals containing information about an operator’s general policies, duties, operational control policy and procedures, and the responsibilities of personnel. It is the main way of showing that the management and control systems required under the CARs are in place.
Extended diversion time operations
Flights by a twin-engine turbine powered aeroplane where the flight time (calculated at the cruise speed in still air with one engine inoperative) from any point on the route to a suitable alternative aerodrome is greater than 60 minutes.
