Witnesses to the recent Black Cat cruise boat accident after it grounded just outside the Akaroa Heads are urged to submit a statement to TAIC immediately.
A point of access to a ship’s deck for shore personnel, accommodation ladders are rigged in the fore and aft direction of the ship and face astern
LAME
Licensed aircraft maintenance engineer
Landing gear
Sometimes termed undercarriage.
Landing phase
A lateral runway excursion off the side of a runway
Landslide
A landslide happens when a portion of earth moves down a hillside and causes debris to flow and build up.
Large passenger service vehicle
Any passenger service vehicle that is designed or adapted to carry more than 12 people (including the driver)
Laytime
Agreed time allowed for loading or unloading a ship
Lazarette
A large compartment below deck at the rear of the vessel used for stowage
LCRAG
Level Crossing Risk Assessment Guide
LCSIA
Level crossing safety impact assessment
LCSS
Level crossing safety score
Lead locomotive
The locomotive at the front in the direction of travel
Lead pilot
A designated senior pilot who supervises daily operations. A lead pilot is also responsible for assessing the suitability of weather for flying.
Lead-lag motion
Movement of a blade forward or aft, in the plane of rotation.
Leading lights
A pair of navigation marks that, when in line, indicate to a pilot that the ship is on track.
Leading line beacons
Fixed markers that are laterally displaced to allow a mariner to navigate a fixed course along the preferred route. When lit, they are also usable at night. Usually the rear mark is higher than the front mark (see Figure 1). The mariner will know the geometry of the marks/lights from the navigational chart and can understand that when ‘open’ (not one above the other) the vessel needs to be navigated to ‘close’ the marks (so one is above the other) and be in the preferred line of the channel
Leading marks
Navigation lights and beacons that, when in line, indicate a vessel is on the right track
Least material condition
The minimum amount of material a part can have and still meet dimensional tolerances. For external features this is the lower tolerance (smallest allowable) and for internal features (ie, holes) this is the upper tolerance (largest allowable).
LED
light emitting diode
Lee
The side of an obstacle that is sheltered from the wind.
Leeward side
The side sheltered from the wind, opposite to windward.
Left-hand circuit
A circuit in which each turn in the circuit pattern is to the left. In a right-hand circuit the turns are to the right
Level Crossing
Intersection where a railway and a road cross at the same level
Level flotation
Level flotation ensures a vessel’s ability to stay afloat and level with the waterline after a flooding and capsize event.
LGNZ
Local Government New Zealand
Licence holder
A person who is required to hold a licence under Section 15 of the Railways Act 2005 and has been granted a licence under Section 17 of the Railways Act 2005
Lifeboat
A ship’s small boat for use in an emergency
Lifeline automatic fire extinguisher system
Lifeline fire suppression systems had been designed for use in rally cars and vehicles participating in motor sport events.
Lifting (helicopter)
Bringing the helicopter into a hover and taxiing for the runway.
Lighterage
Transfer of cargo between a ship and a lighter vessel
Limit lines
Lines marked on the surfaces of roadways to indicate places where road traffic is required to stop for the purpose of complying with traffic signs and signals, including railway level crossings.
Limited Field of View (FOV)
While FOV is limited, because NVGs are helmet-mounted the user can move their head to scan a wider area. The total area that can physically be scanned is called field of regard (FOR) and is mainly dependent on the physiology of head movement and cockpit design (eg, seat location, blind spots etc).
Line
The horizontal or lateral position of a track measured on both rails.
Line flight
A flight undertaken by a trainee with a training captain at the completion of line training, to assess whether the trainee meets the standard required to fly unrestricted with the operator.
Line pilot
A pilot who flies routine flights, but does not train or check other pilots
Line Service Manager (LSM)
Manages and monitors the day-to-day train services across the rail network.
Line training
Line training is conducted for pilots new to aircraft types on operational flights by qualified training captains. The objective is for the pilots to achieve a level of competence to undertake line operations unsupervised.
Linehaul Operations Manager (LOM)
Manages day-to-day operations for locomotive engineers and operational issues.
Liner service
An international shipping service operating on fixed routes and schedules.
Liner Shipping
Regular service vessels operating on fixed routes and schedules
Linkspan
A type of drawbridge arrangement that connects a ship to the shore over the stern or bow.
List
A lean to one side caused by an uneven distribution of weights within a vessel
Live end (rope or cable)
The end of a rope that takes the load after being spliced or clamped with a ferrule.
Lo-Lo
Load-on load-off cargo handling using cranes
Load cell
The load cell presented a real-time weight of the load on the cargo hook to the pilot via a digital cockpit display.
Load Line
Mark indicating the maximum depth to which a ship may be safely loaded
Local Unit Orders
An Airways operational manual containing orders specific to the operation of a particular air traffic control unit
Lock-on frame
A metal frame device that contains numbered locations where individually assigned padlocks are attached, to signify that a padlock owner is occupying the Danger Area within a PWA. Before the RPO authorises personnel to leave the safe place, they must attach their RPO padlock to the lock-on frame handle. All personnel and visitors on site must then attach padlocks for themselves before leaving the safe place, and padlocks for any vehicles under their control that will foul the track. When clearing the track for a rail movement (train), personnel must secure vehicles under their control in a safe mode, clear of the track, before returning to the safe place and locking off. After removing their padlock, personnel must not foul the track until they are authorised to resume work by the RPO. The requirement to use the system was contained in KiwiRail’s Track Safety Rule 902(g).
Locking
The process of placing or removing protection padlocks in accordance with KiwiRail’s track safety rules (see Appendix 4).
Locking pin
Configured to be released by a manually operated handle that can be opened and closed with a locking pin within the body of the coupler head.
Locomotive
Self-propelled rail vehicle that provides motive power for a train
Locomotive engineer
Mainline train drivers are referred to by KiwiRail as locomotive engineers to reflect the required qualifications of the role.
Locomotive engineer minder
A person who is assigned to a trainee locomotive engineer to provide supervision and guidance while the trainee locomotive engineer drives the train.
Long final
Long final is an extension of the final leg, as depicted in Figure 4, and is effectively a straight-in approach to the runway
Long final leg
Joining the circuit by an extension of the final leg, effectively a straight-in approach.
Long-wheelbase track twists
Variations in cant over a base length of 12 m).
Loose-cargo-securing gear
Off-the-shelf equipment including, but not limited to, shackles, chain, hooks, connecting links, turnbuckles, binders, sheave blocks, and swivels used in an assembly to suspend, secure or lift a load
Loss of separation
This occurs when aircraft are separated both vertically and horizontally at less than the specified minimum for that controlled airspace.
Low gravity
(Sometimes called ‘reduced g’) an acceleration less than that due to the force of gravity.
Low water
The lowest level of water reached by a particular tide.
LTE
Loss of tail rotor effectiveness – when a tail rotor is unable to carry out its function, often because of adverse wind conditions. This term was first used by the US Army.
LYALL
The final approach waypoint, 6 nm from the threshold of Runway 34
