Glossary Papakupu

Explanations of abbreviations and acronyms.
All ' 1 A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W Y Z

    L

    Ladder
    A point of access to a ship’s deck for shore personnel, accommodation ladders are rigged in the fore and aft direction of the ship and face astern
    LAME
    Licensed aircraft maintenance engineer
    Landing gear
    Sometimes termed undercarriage.
    Landing phase
    A lateral runway excursion off the side of a runway
    Landing roll
    The part of the landing after the aircraft has touched down and while it is slowing to taxi speed.
    Landslide
    A landslide happens when a portion of earth moves down a hillside and causes debris to flow and build up.
    Lanyard
    A short rope or line used for securing
    Large passenger service vehicle
    Any passenger service vehicle that is designed or adapted to carry more than 12 people (including the driver)
    Laytime
    Agreed time allowed for loading or unloading a ship
    Lazarette
    A large compartment below deck at the rear of the vessel used for stowage
    LCRAG
    Level Crossing Risk Assessment Guide
    LCSIA
    Level crossing safety impact assessment
    LCSS
    Level crossing safety score
    Lead locomotive
    The locomotive at the front in the direction of travel
    Lead pilot
    A designated senior pilot who supervises daily operations. A lead pilot is also responsible for assessing the suitability of weather for flying.
    Lead-lag motion
    Movement of a blade forward or aft, in the plane of rotation.
    Leading lights
    A pair of navigation marks that, when in line, indicate to a pilot that the ship is on track.
    Leading line beacons
    Fixed markers that are laterally displaced to allow a mariner to navigate a fixed course along the preferred route. When lit, they are also usable at night. Usually the rear mark is higher than the front mark (see Figure 1). The mariner will know the geometry of the marks/lights from the navigational chart and can understand that when ‘open’ (not one above the other) the vessel needs to be navigated to ‘close’ the marks (so one is above the other) and be in the preferred line of the channel
    Leading marks
    Navigation lights and beacons that, when in line, indicate a vessel is on the right track
    Least material condition
    The minimum amount of material a part can have and still meet dimensional tolerances. For external features this is the lower tolerance (smallest allowable) and for internal features (ie, holes) this is the upper tolerance (largest allowable).
    LED
    light emitting diode
    Lee
    The side of an obstacle that is sheltered from the wind.
    Leeward side
    The side sheltered from the wind, opposite to windward.
    Left-hand circuit
    A circuit in which each turn in the circuit pattern is to the left. In a right-hand circuit the turns are to the right
    Level Crossing
    Intersection where a railway and a road cross at the same level
    Level flotation
    Level flotation ensures a vessel’s ability to stay afloat and level with the waterline after a flooding and capsize event.
    LGNZ
    Local Government New Zealand
    Licence holder
    A person who is required to hold a licence under Section 15 of the Railways Act 2005 and has been granted a licence under Section 17 of the Railways Act 2005
    Lifeboat
    A ship’s small boat for use in an emergency
    Lifeline automatic fire extinguisher system
    Lifeline fire suppression systems had been designed for use in rally cars and vehicles participating in motor sport events.
    Lifting (helicopter)
    Bringing the helicopter into a hover and taxiing for the runway.
    Lighterage
    Transfer of cargo between a ship and a lighter vessel
    Limit lines
    Lines marked on the surfaces of roadways to indicate places where road traffic is required to stop for the purpose of complying with traffic signs and signals, including railway level crossings.
    Limited Field of View (FOV)
    While FOV is limited, because NVGs are helmet-mounted the user can move their head to scan a wider area. The total area that can physically be scanned is called field of regard (FOR) and is mainly dependent on the physiology of head movement and cockpit design (eg, seat location, blind spots etc).
    Line
    The horizontal or lateral position of a track measured on both rails.
    Line flight
    A flight undertaken by a trainee with a training captain at the completion of line training, to assess whether the trainee meets the standard required to fly unrestricted with the operator.
    Line impassable
    ‘Line impassable’ is a term used when planned work requires the closing of a track to normal train movements for a period of time to allow that work to be carried out. Train control may vary the hours of work when the planned work starts or has finished before the stated time.
    Line pilot
    A pilot who flies routine flights, but does not train or check other pilots
    Line Service Manager (LSM)
    Manages and monitors the day-to-day train services across the rail network.
    Line training
    Line training is conducted for pilots new to aircraft types on operational flights by qualified training captains. The objective is for the pilots to achieve a level of competence to undertake line operations unsupervised.
    Linehaul Operations Manager (LOM)
    Manages day-to-day operations for locomotive engineers and operational issues.
    Liner service
    An international shipping service operating on fixed routes and schedules.
    Liner Shipping
    Regular service vessels operating on fixed routes and schedules
    Link Road
    The direct connection track used by trains travelling between the northbound line of the North Island Main Trunk line and the Mission Bush Branch line
    Linkspan
    A type of drawbridge arrangement that connects a ship to the shore over the stern or bow.
    List
    A lean to one side caused by an uneven distribution of weights within a vessel
    Live end (rope or cable)
    The end of a rope that takes the load after being spliced or clamped with a ferrule.
    Lo-Lo
    Load-on load-off cargo handling using cranes
    Load cell
    The load cell presented a real-time weight of the load on the cargo hook to the pilot via a digital cockpit display.
    Load Line
    Mark indicating the maximum depth to which a ship may be safely loaded
    Local Unit Orders
    An Airways operational manual containing orders specific to the operation of a particular air traffic control unit
    Lock-on frame
    A metal frame device that contains numbered locations where individually assigned padlocks are attached, to signify that a padlock owner is occupying the Danger Area within a PWA. Before the RPO authorises personnel to leave the safe place, they must attach their RPO padlock to the lock-on frame handle. All personnel and visitors on site must then attach padlocks for themselves before leaving the safe place, and padlocks for any vehicles under their control that will foul the track. When clearing the track for a rail movement (train), personnel must secure vehicles under their control in a safe mode, clear of the track, before returning to the safe place and locking off. After removing their padlock, personnel must not foul the track until they are authorised to resume work by the RPO. The requirement to use the system was contained in KiwiRail’s Track Safety Rule 902(g).
    Locking
    The process of placing or removing protection padlocks in accordance with KiwiRail’s track safety rules (see Appendix 4).
    Locking collar
    Mechanism to lock and prevent the accidental opening of a safety hook
    Locking pin
    Configured to be released by a manually operated handle that can be opened and closed with a locking pin within the body of the coupler head.
    Locomotive
    Self-propelled rail vehicle that provides motive power for a train
    Locomotive engineer
    Mainline train drivers are referred to by KiwiRail as locomotive engineers to reflect the required qualifications of the role.
    Locomotive engineer minder
    A person who is assigned to a trainee locomotive engineer to provide supervision and guidance while the trainee locomotive engineer drives the train.
    Long final
    Long final is an extension of the final leg, as depicted in Figure 4, and is effectively a straight-in approach to the runway
    Long final leg
    Joining the circuit by an extension of the final leg, effectively a straight-in approach.
    Long-wheelbase track twists
    Variations in cant over a base length of 12 m).
    Loose-cargo-securing gear
    Off-the-shelf equipment including, but not limited to, shackles, chain, hooks, connecting links, turnbuckles, binders, sheave blocks, and swivels used in an assembly to suspend, secure or lift a load
    Loss of separation
    This occurs when aircraft are separated both vertically and horizontally at less than the specified minimum for that controlled airspace.
    Low gravity
    (Sometimes called ‘reduced g’) an acceleration less than that due to the force of gravity.
    Low water
    The lowest level of water reached by a particular tide.
    LTE
    Loss of tail rotor effectiveness – when a tail rotor is unable to carry out its function, often because of adverse wind conditions. This term was first used by the US Army.
    Luffing wire
    A crane wire used to raise and lower a crane’s jib
    LYALL
    The final approach waypoint, 6 nm from the threshold of Runway 34